RICE BRAN SOLUBLES
Effects of stabilized rice bran, its soluble and fiber fractions on blood glucose levels and serum lipid parameters in humans with diabetes mellitus Types I and II.
1: J Nutr Biochem. 2002 Mar;13(3):175-187.
Effects of stabilized rice bran, its soluble and fiber fractions on blood glucose levels and serum lipid parameters in humans with diabetes mellitus Types I and II.
Advanced Medical Research, 8251 Raymond Road, 53719, Madison, WI, USA
Stabilized rice bran (SRB), a source of complex carbohydrates, tocols, gamma-oryzanols, and polyphenols, was treated with carbohydrases and heat to yield two fractions, rice bran water solubles (RBWS), and rice bran fiber concentrates (RBFC). Stabilized rice bran and its fractions were fed for 60 days to insulin-dependent and noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM = Type I and NIDDM = Type II) subjects to determine possible effects on serum hemoglobin, carbohydrate and lipid parameters. The Type I subjects (n = 22, 26, and 20) fed Stabilized rice bran, rice bran water solubles, and rice bran fiber concentrates plus AHA Step-1 diet reduced glycosylated hemoglobin 1%, 11%, and 10%, respectively. The fasting serum glucose levels were also reduced significantly (P < 0.01) with stabilized rice bran (9%), rice bran water solubles (29%), and rice bran fiber concentrates (19%).The Type II subjects (n = 31, and 26) fed rice bran water solubles and rice bran fiber concentrates plus AHA Step-1 diet had decreased levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (15% and 11%) and fasting glucose (33% and 22%; P < 0.001), respectively. Serum insulin levels were increased (4%) with rice bran water solubles in both types of diabetes. The reduction of glycosylated hemoglobin and a slight increase in insulin levels indicate that consumption of rice bran water solubles can control blood glucose levels in human diabetes. Serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, and triglycerides levels were reduced with rice bran fiber concentrates in the Type I (10, 16, 10, 7%) and Type II groups (12, 15, 10, 8%), respectively. These results indicate that rice bran water solubles significantly reduces hyperglycemia (P < 0.01), whereas rice bran fiber concentrates reduces hyperlipidemia (P < 0.05) in both types of diabetes. Therefore, these natural products can be used as nutritional supplements for the control of both types of diabetes mellitus in humans.
PMID: 11893482 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Full-Fat Rice Bran and Oat Bran Similarly Reduce Hypercholesterolemia in Humans
Full-Fat Rice Bran and Oat Bran Similarly Reduce Hypercholesterolemia in Humans1,2
Ann L. Gerhardt3 and Noreen B. Gallo
Department of Medicine, University of California, Davis Medical Center and Sutter Heart Institute, Sacramento, CA 95819
ABSTRACT Scientific studies support recommendations to increase dietary soluble fiber as part of hyperlipidemia treatment. Rice bran contains minimal soluble fiber, but rice bran oil has a hypolipidemic effect. Full-fat rice bran was compared with oat bran and a rice starch placebo in hyperlipidemic humans to see if it might have a role in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. Moderately hypercholesterolemic (5.95-8.02 mmol/L), nonsmoking, nonobese adults were studied in a 6-wk, randomized, double-blind, noncross-over trial. Three groups added 84 g/d of a heat-stabilized, full-fat, medium-grain rice bran product (n = 14), oat bran product (n = 13) or rice starch placebo (n = 17) to their usual low-fat diet. Serum cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), apoA1 and apoB were measured before and at the end of the supplementation period. Serum cholesterol decreased significantly (P 
0.05) by 8.3 ± 2.4% and 13.0 ± 1.8% in the rice bran and oat bran groups, respectively, but there was no change in the rice starch group. This change was attributable to LDL-C, which decreased by 13.7 ± 2.8% in the rice bran group and 17.1 ± 2.4% in the oat bran group (P 
0.05). Serum apoB decreased proportionately. There was no consistent effect on triglycerides within each group and HDL-C and apoA concentrations did not change. The LDL-C:HDL-C ratio decreased significantly in the rice bran and oat bran groups. Stabilized, full-fat rice bran or oat bran, added to the prudent diet of hyperlipidemic adults, similarly reduced cholesterol and LDL-C and improved lipid ratios in 78% of these individuals. Rice bran, as well as oat bran, should be included in the prudent diet of individuals with hyperlipidemia.
http://jn.nutrition.org/cgi/content/full/128/5/865
Novel Tocotrienols of Rice Bran Suppress Cholesterogenesis in Hereditary Hypercholesterolemic Swine
Novel Tocotrienols of Rice Bran Suppress Cholesterogenesis in Hereditary Hypercholesterolemic Swine1
Asaf A. Qureshi*2, David M. Peterson
,**, Judith O. Hasler-Rapacz
and Jan Rapacz
* Advanced Medical Research, Madison, Wisconsin 53719; 
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Madison, Wisconsin 53705; ** Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 and 
Departments of Genetics and Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
A tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF25) and novel tocotrienols (d-P21-T3 and d-P25-T3) of rice bran significantly lowered serum and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in chickens. The present study evaluated the effects of novel tocotrienols on lipid metabolism in swine expressing hereditary hypercholesterolemia. Fifteen 4-mo-old genetically hypercholesterolemic swine were divided into five groups (n = 3). Four groups were fed a corn-soybean control diet, supplemented with 50 µg of either TRF25, 
-tocotrienol, d-P21-T3 or d-P25-T3 per g for 6 wk. Group 5 was fed the control diet for 6 wk and served as a control. After 6 wk, serum total cholesterol was reduced 32–38%, low density lipoprotein cholesterol was reduced 35–43%, apolipoprotein B was reduced 20–28%, platelet factor 4 was reduced 12–24%, thromboxane B2 was reduced 11–18%, glucose was reduced 22–25% (P < 0.01), triglycerides were reduced 15–19% and glucagon was reduced 11–17% (P < 0.05) in the treatment groups relative to the control. Insulin was 100% greater (P < 0.01) in the treatment groups than in the control group. Preliminary data (n = 1) indicated that hepatic activity of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl–coenzyme A reductase was lower in the treatment groups, and cholesterol 7
-hydroxylase activity was unaffected. Cholesterol and fatty acid levels in various tissues were lower in the treatment groups than in control. After being fed the tocotrienol-supplemented diets, two swine in each group were transferred to the control diet for 10 wk. The lower concentrations of serum lipids in these four treatment groups persisted for 10 wk. This persistent effect may have resulted from the high tocotrienol levels in blood of the treatment groups, suggesting that the conversion of tocotrienols to tocopherols may not be as rapid as was reported in chickens and humans.
Fermentation of Resistant Rice Starch Produces Propionate Reducing Serum and Hepatic Cholesterol in Rats
Fermentation of Resistant Rice Starch Produces Propionate Reducing Serum and Hepatic Cholesterol in Rats1
Hsing-Hsien Cheng2 and Ming-Hoang Lai
School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical College, 250, Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan ROC
This study was designed to investigate the effects of different proportions of rice starch and cornstarch on lipid metabolism in rats fed high dietary cholesterol. Male Wistar rats were fed a 10 g/100 g fat diet containing 1 g/100 g cholesterol with 0 (control diet), 15, 30, 45 or 63 g/100 g rice starch with an enzyme resistant starch concentration of 1.26, 1.39, 1.52, 1.65 or 1.80 g/100 g, respectively, for 4 wk. Groups fed diets with < 63 g/100 g rice starch were supplemented with cornstarch to 63 g/100 g. The two kinds of starch had different structures as seen using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The rice starch was an aggregation (n = 20–60) of smaller granules (3–8 µm in diameter), whereas the cornstarch was composed of larger (5–15 µm in diameter), single granules. The compound rice starch (0.99 kg/L) was larger in size and denser in structure than cornstarch (0.63 kg/L). Serum total cholesterol concentrations in rats fed both the 45 and 63 g/100 g rice starch diets were significantly lower than in all other groups (P < 0.05). The serum propionate concentration in the rats fed 63 g/100 g rice starch diets was significantly higher than that of other groups. Hepatic triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations in rats fed 63 g/100 g rice starch diets were significantly lower than in the control group. These results suggest that, because the compound rice starch was an aggregation of smaller granules, larger in size and denser in structure than cornstarch, it was digested more slowly and altered lipid metabolism. Resistant rice starch may be fermented to produce propionate, which reduces serum and hepatic cholesterol.
