RED RASPBERRY POWDER
Contents of anthocyanins and ellagitannins in selected foods consumed in Finland
: J Agric Food Chem. 2007 Feb 21;55(4):1612-9. Epub 2007 Jan 30
Contents of anthocyanins and ellagitannins in selected foods consumed in Finland.
Food and Health Research Centre, Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland. Jani.Koponen@uku.fi
Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have suggested that dietary anthocyanins and ellagitannins or ellagic acid might have beneficial health effects. Epidemiological evidence on the disease-preventing potential of these polyphenols is lacking, due to the absence of reliable data on their contents in foods. In this study was analyzed the content of anthocyanins and ellagitannins (as ellagic acid equivalents after acid hydrolysis) in foods consumed in Finland, including berries, fruits, vegetables, and processed products, using high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) methods. Anthocyanins were detected in 41 of 54 selected food items. The total anthocyanin content varied in berries from 1 to 611 mg/100 g, in fruits from 2 to 66 mg/100 g, and in vegetables from 3 to 75 mg/100 g of fresh weight as the weight of the aglycone. Ellagitannins were screened in 33 food items, but were detected only in 5 species of berries, that is, in cloudberry, raspberry, rose hip, strawberry, and sea buckthorn, the content ranging from 1 to 330 mg/100 g. The results underscore the superiority of berries, especially dark blue or red berries, as excellent sources of anthocyanins and certain berries of the Rosaceae family as the major source of ellagitannins in the Finnish diet.
PMID: 17261015 [PubMed - in process]
EFFICIENCY OF PHARMACOLOGICALLY-ACTIVE ANTIOXIDANT PHYTOMEDICINE RADICAL FRUITS(TM) IN TREATMENT HYPERCHOLESTEREMIA AT MEN
1: Georgian Med News. 2006 Nov;(140):78-83.
Efficiency of pharmacologically-active antioxidant phytomedicine Radical Fruits in treatment hypercholesteremia at men.
Institute of Immunopathology, Center of Modern Medicine, Moscow, Russia.
The purpose of this randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled intervention clinical trial was to investigate the effect of orally administered dietary supplement Radical Fruits (www.gardenoflife.com) consisting of highly concentrated edible fruits and berries on the concentration of plasma cholesterol, urinary 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha (8-epi-PGF2alpha) and 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 (11-dehydro-TXB2) in none-obese, non-smoking, non-diabetic hypercholesteremic male volunteers. Forty four (n=44) none-obese, non-smoking, non-diabetic male volunteers with an average age of 40+/-12 years, average body weight of 77,4+/-5,0 kg, average body mass index (BMI) of 22,2+/-2,7 kg/m2 and average total plasma cholesterol level 280+/-22 mg/dL were recruited to take part in a 4 week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. After evaluating 12 different antioxidant supplements for their phytochemical compositions and bioavailability, a dietary supplement Radical Fruits was chosen for this clinical trial. Radical Fruits contains standardized extracts and concentrates of prune, pomegranate, apple, grape, raspberry, blueberry, white cherry and strawberry. Subjects were randomly assigned to the treatment group and the placebo group using Simple Randomization Procedure. Subjects in the treatment group (n=22) were directed to take 900 mg of Radical Fruits supplement three times a day before meals. Subjects in the control group (n=22) were directed to take placebo according to the same schedule. Food record analysis, body composition, blood and urine samples were assessed on admission and then once a week. The duration of the clinical trial was 4 weeks. Administration of Radical Fruits(TM) for 4 weeks resulted in statistically significant reduction of total plasma cholesterol from 280+/-23 to 250+/-11 mg/dL, (p<0,001). Total plasma cholesterol changes in the placebo group were not statistically significant. The average plasma LDL was reduced from 195+/-23 to 169+/-21 mg/dL (p<0,001) in the Radical Fruits(TM) group, while in the placebo group there were no statistically significant changes. Plasma HDL increased by 3,2=/-0,6% in the Radical Fruits treated group (p<0,001). No significant changes in the HDL levels were observed in the placebo group. Urinary 8-epi-PGF2alpha level decreased from 450+/-170 to 330+/-159 pg/mg creatinine (p<0,001); urinary 11-dehydro-TXB2 level decreased from 1,200+/-420 to 790+/-320 pg/mg creatinine (p<0,001) with no changes in the placebo group. Administration of pharmacologically active antioxidant supplement Radical Fruit(TM) in hypercholesteremic men significantly increased plasma HDL and reduced total cholesterol and LDL, and urinary oxidative and inflammatory isoprostanes and thromboxane.
PMID: 17179595 [PubMed - in process]
Blackberry, Black Raspberry, Blueberry, Cranberry, Red Raspberry, and Strawberry Extracts Inhibit Growth and Stimulate Apoptosis of Human Cancer Cells In Vitro
J. Agric. Food Chem., 54 (25), 9329 -9339, 2006. 10.1021/jf061750g S0021-8561(06)01750-X
Web Release Date: November 18, 2006
Copyright © 2006 American Chemical Society
Blackberry, Black Raspberry, Blueberry, Cranberry, Red Raspberry, and Strawberry Extracts Inhibit Growth and Stimulate Apoptosis of Human Cancer Cells In Vitro
Navindra P. Seeram,* Lynn S. Adams, Yanjun Zhang, Rupo Lee, Daniel Sand, Henry S. Scheuller, and David Heber
Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
Received for review June 21, 2006. Revised manuscript received October 11, 2006. Accepted October 13, 2006. Funding for this project was partially provided by the California Strawberry Commission, (Watsonville, CA) and from the UCLA Center for Human Nutrition NCI Grant PO1CA42710.
Abstract:
Berry fruits are widely consumed in our diet and have attracted much attention due to their potential human health benefits. Berries contain a diverse range of phytochemicals with biological properties such as antioxidant, anticancer, anti-neurodegerative, and anti-inflammatory activities. In the current study, extracts of six popularly consumed berries-blackberry, black raspberry, blueberry, cranberry, red raspberry and strawberry-were evaluated for their phenolic constituents using high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) detection. The major classes of berry phenolics were anthocyanins, flavonols, flavanols, ellagitannins, gallotannins, proanthocyanidins, and phenolic acids. The berry extracts were evaluated for their ability to inhibit the growth of human oral (KB, CAL-27), breast (MCF-7), colon (HT-29, HCT116), and prostate (LNCaP) tumor cell lines at concentrations ranging from 25 to 200 
g/mL. With increasing concentration of berry extract, increasing inhibition of cell proliferation in all of the cell lines were observed, with different degrees of potency between cell lines. The berry extracts were also evaluated for their ability to stimulate apoptosis of the COX-2 expressing colon cancer cell line, HT-29. Black raspberry and strawberry extracts showed the most significant pro-apoptotic effects against this cell line. The data provided by the current study and from other laboratories warrants further investigation into the chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effects of berries using in vivo models.
http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/jafca
u/2006/54/i25/abs/jf061750g.html
Antiproliferative activity is predominantly associated with ellagitannins in raspberry extracts
1: Phytochemistry. 2007 Jan;68(2):218-28. Epub 2006 Nov 28
Antiproliferative activity is predominantly associated with ellagitannins in raspberry extracts.
Quality, Health and Nutrition Programme, Genes to Products Theme, Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK.
Raspberry extracts enriched in polyphenols, but devoid of organic acids, sugars and vitamin C, were prepared by sorption to C18 solid phase extraction matrices and tested for their ability to inhibit the proliferation of human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells in vitro. The raspberry extract reduced proliferation in a dose-dependent manner whether this was judged by cell number or measurements of cell viability. However, measurements based on cell viability were more accurate and gave an EC(50) value of 17.5 microg/ml gallic acid equivalents (GAE) at day 4 of culture. Raspberry extracts were fractionated by sorption to Sephadex LH-20 into an unbound fraction, which was obviously enriched in anthocyanins, and a bound fraction. The unbound anthocyanin-enriched fraction was much less effective in reducing proliferation then the original extract and gave an EC(50) value estimated at 67 microg/ml. The LH-20 bound fraction was more effective than the original raspberry extract (EC(50)=13 microg/ml) suggesting that the main anti-proliferative agents were retained in the bound fraction. Analysis of the original extract, the unbound and the LH20 bound fractions by LC-MS confirmed that the unbound fraction was enriched in anthocyanins and the bound fraction primarily contained ellagitannins. The ellagitannin-rich bound fraction had the highest antioxidant capacity as measured by the ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) assay. The mechanism by which the ellagitannins inhibit proliferation of cancer cells is discussed.
PMID: 17126865 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of raspberries
1: J Agric Food Chem. 2002 May 8;50(10):2926-30
Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of raspberries.
Department of Food Science and Institute of Comparative and Environmental Toxicology, Stocking Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
Raspberries are rich in phenolic phytochemicals. To study the health benefits of raspberries, four fresh raspberry varieties (Heritage, Kiwigold, Goldie, and Anne) were evaluated for total antioxidant and antiproliferative activities. The total amount of phenolics and flavonoids for each of the four raspberry varieties was determined. The Heritage raspberry variety had the highest total phenolic content (512.7 +/- 4.7 mg/100 g of raspberry) of the varieties measured followed by Kiwigold (451.1 +/- 4.5 mg/100 g of raspberry), Goldie (427.5 +/- 7.5 mg/100 g of raspberry), and Anne (359.2 +/- 3.4 mg/100 g of raspberry). Similarly, the Heritage raspberry variety contained the highest total flavonoids (103.4 +/- 2.0 mg/100 g of raspberry) of the varieties tested, followed by Kiwigold (87.3 +/- 1.8 mg/100 g of raspberry), Goldie (84.2 +/- 1.8 mg/100 g of raspberry), and Anne (63.5 +/- 0.7 mg/100 g of raspberry). The color of the raspberry juice correlated well to the total phenolic, flavonoid, and anthocyanin contents of the raspberry. Heritage had the highest a/b ratio and the darkest colored juice, and the Anne variety showed the lowest phytochemical content and the palest color. Heritage raspberry variety had the highest total antioxidant activity, followed by Kiwigold and Goldie, and the Anne raspberry variety had the lowest antioxidant activity of the varieties tested. The proliferation of HepG(2) human liver cancer cells was significantly inhibited in a dose-dependent manner after exposure to the raspberry extracts. The extract equivalent to 50 mg of Goldie, Heritage, and Kiwigold fruit inhibited the proliferation of those cells by 89.4 +/- 0.1, 88 +/- 0.2, and 87.6 +/- 1.0%, respectively. Anne had the lowest antiproliferative activity of the varieties measured but still exhibited a significant inhibition of 70.3+/- 1.2% with an extract equivalent to 50 mg of fruit. The antioxidant activity of the raspberry was directly related to the total amount of phenolics and flavonoids found in the raspberry (p < 0.01). No relationship was found between antiproliferative activity and the total amount of phenolics/flavonoids found in the same raspberry (p > 0.05).
PMID: 11982421 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
