GRAPE SEED (95% PROANTHOCYANIDINS)
Grape Seed Polyphenols Protect Cardiac Cells from Apoptosis via Induction of Endogenous Antioxidant Enzymes
J. Agric. Food Chem., 55 (5), 1695 -1701, 2007. 10.1021/jf063071b S0021-8561(06)03071-8
Web Release Date: February 13, 2007
Copyright © 2007 American Chemical Society
Grape Seed Polyphenols Protect Cardiac Cells from Apoptosis via Induction of Endogenous Antioxidant Enzymes
Yu Du, Huaifang Guo, and Hongxiang Lou*
Department of Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
Received for review October 24, 2006. Revised manuscript received December 25, 2006. Accepted January 8, 2007. This work was supported by a grant from the National Natural Foundation of P.R. China (No. 30472072).
Abstract:
Grape seed extract (GSE) has been reported to exert protective effects on various forms of cardiac disorders. The cardiovascular protective effects of GSE are believed to be ascribed to its antioxidative properties. A series of studies have demonstrated that polyphenols are instrumental for the antioxidative properties of GSE. This study was undertaken to investigate whether two major polyphenols isolated from GSE (catechin and proanthocyanidin B4) could increase the endogenous antioxidant enzymes in cardiomyocytes, and whether such increased cellular defenses could provide protection against oxidative cardiac cell injury. Incubation of cardiac H9C2 cells with micromolar concentrations of catechin or proanthocyanidin B4 resulted in a significant induction of cellular antioxidant enzymes in a concentration-dependent fashion. Furthermore, catechine or proanthocyanidin B4 pretreatment led to a marked reduction in xanthine oxidase(XO)/xanthine-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and cardiac cell apoptosis. These results indicated that grape seed polyphenols (GSP) could protect against cardiac cell apoptosis via the induction of endogenous antioxidant enzymes. This may be an important mechanism underlying the protective effects of GSE observed with various forms of cardiovascular disorders.
http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/jafcau/asap/abs/jf063071b.html
Effects of grape seed proanthocyanidins extracts on experimental diabetic nephropathy in rats
1: Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2006 Nov;35(6):703-5. Links
[Effects of grape seed proanthocyanidins extracts on experimental diabetic nephropathy in rats]
[Article in Chinese]
Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of grape seed proanthocyanidins extracts(GSPE) and its mechanism on early renal lesions of diabetic rats. METHODS: Diabetic rats induced by alloxan were given GSPE intragastrically for 6 weeks, then the antioxidative indexes and NO content, NOS activity in kidney and serum were measured, and the renal function indexes were tested as well. RESULTS: Compared with the diabetic group, the urinary protein/24h, levels of blood urea nitrogen(BUN)and serum creatinine(SCr), creatinine clearance rate(CCr) and the ratio of kidney weight/body weight were decreased, the SOD activity in kidney was raised while MDA content was fall in the GSPE group(high dose), and the differences were all significant.The NO content in the kidney and NOS activity in kidney and serum decreased in the GSPE (low dose)group, and there was significant difference when compared with diabetic group( P <0.05) . CONCLUSION: GSPE has the effect in protecting kidney of diabetic rats, the mechanism might be related with its action in increasing the renal antioxidative ability,decreasing the content of NO and the activity of NOS in kidney and serum.
PMID: 17290746 [PubMed - in process]
Comparison of Proanthocyanidins in Commercial Antioxidants: Grape Seed and Pine Bark Extracts
. Agric. Food Chem., 55 (1), 148 -156, 2007. 10.1021/jf063150n S0021-8561(06)03150-5
Web Release Date: December 14, 2006
Copyright © 2006 American Chemical Society
Comparison of Proanthocyanidins in Commercial Antioxidants: Grape Seed and Pine Bark Extracts
Holly A. Weber,
Andrew E. Hodges,
Jill R. Guthrie,
Brandon M. O'Brien,
David Robaugh,
Alice P. Clark,
Roger K. Harris,
Joseph W. Algaier,*
and Cynthia S. Smith
Midwest Research Institute, 425 Volker Boulevard, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), 111 Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2233
Received for review November 1, 2006. Accepted November 2, 2006. This work was supported by the NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, under Environmental Toxicology Program (ETP) Contract N01-ES-05457.
Abstract:
The major constituents in grape seed and pine bark extracts are proanthocyanidins. To evaluate material available to consumers, select lots were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) LC/MS was used to identify monomers, dimers, and trimers present. GC/MS analyses led to the identification of ethyl esters of hexadecanoic acid, linoleic acid, and oleic acid, as well as smaller phenolic and terpene components. The GPC molecular weight (MW) distribution indicated components ranging from ~162 to ~5500 MW (pine bark less than 1180 MW and grape seed ~1180 to ~5000 MW). MALDI-TOF MS analyses showed that pine bark did not contain oligomers with odd numbers of gallate units and grape seed contained oligomers with both odd and even numbers of gallate. Reflectron MALDI-TOF MS identified oligomers up to a pentamer and heptamer, and linear MALDI-TOF MS showed a mass range nearly double that of reflectron analyses.
http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/jafcau/2007/55
/i01/abs/jf063150n.html
Grape Seed Extract Inhibits In vitro and In vivo Growth of Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cells
Grape Seed Extract Inhibits In vitro and In vivo Growth of Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cells
Manjinder Kaur1, Rana P. Singh1, Mallikarjuna Gu1, Rajesh Agarwal1,2 and Chapla Agarwal1,2
Authors' Affiliations: 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and 2 University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado
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Abstract
Purpose: Accumulating evidences suggest the beneficial effects of fruit-and-vegetable consumption in lowering the risk of various cancers, including colorectal cancer. Herein, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo anticancer effects and associated mechanisms of grape seed extract (GSE), a rich source of proanthocyanidins, against colorectal cancer.
Experimental Design: Effects of GSE were examined on human colorectal cancer HT29 and LoVo cells in culture for proliferation, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis. The in vivo effect of oral GSE was examined on HT29 tumor xenograft growth in athymic nude mice. Xenografts were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for proliferation and apoptosis. The molecular changes associated with the biological effects of GSE were analyzed by Western blot analysis.
Results: GSE (25-100 µg/mL) causes a significant dose- and time-dependent inhibition of cell growth with concomitant increase in cell death. GSE induced G1 phase cell cycle arrest along with a marked increase in Cip1/p21 protein level and a decrease in G1 phase–associated cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases. GSE-induced cell death was apoptotic and accompanied by caspase-3 activation. GSE feeding to mice at 200 mg/kg dose showed time-dependent inhibition of tumor growth without any toxicity and accounted for 44% decrease in tumor volume per mouse after 8 weeks of treatment. GSE inhibited cell proliferation but increased apoptotic cell death in tumors. GSE-treated tumors also showed enhanced Cip1/p21 protein levels and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage.
Conclusions: GSE may be an effective chemopreventive agent against colorectal cancer, and that growth inhibitory and apoptotic effects of GSE against colorectal cancer could be mediated via an up-regulation of Cip1/p21.
http://clincancerres.aacrjournals.org/cgi/con
tent/full/12/20/6194
